Which learning theory focuses on observable behaviors and responses?

Behaviorism is a learning theory that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and responses rather than internal mental processes. This approach is grounded in the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. In behaviorist paradigms, learning is seen as a change in behavior that can be measured and observed, often through the use of reinforcement, punishment, and conditioning.

The focus on observable phenomena distinguishes behaviorism from other theories like cognitivism, which considers internal cognitive processes, or humanism, which emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization experiences. Constructivism, on the other hand, stresses the importance of learners actively constructing their own understanding and knowledge of the world, rather than focusing solely on observable actions and reactions. Hence, behaviorism's primary concern with external behavior makes it a fundamental learning theory within the realm of educational psychology.